Vascular Condition
DVT — Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the leg. The clot can cause pain and swelling, and carries a risk of breaking off and travelling to the lungs (pulmonary embolism), which can be life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Symptoms
- Swelling of one leg, ankle, or foot
- Pain or tenderness in the calf or thigh
- Warmth and redness of the skin over the affected area
- Visible surface veins
- In some cases, no symptoms at all
Causes & Risk Factors
- Prolonged immobility (long flights, bed rest after surgery)
- Recent surgery, particularly hip or knee replacement
- Cancer and its treatment
- Thrombophilia (inherited clotting disorders)
- Pregnancy and the postnatal period
- Previous DVT or family history
Treatment
Treatment involves anticoagulation (blood thinning medication) to prevent the clot extending and allow the body to dissolve it naturally. In selected cases with extensive DVT, catheter-directed thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy may be considered.
Recovery & Aftercare
Most patients are managed with anticoagulant medication for three to six months, or longer if there is an ongoing risk factor. Compression stockings help reduce swelling and long-term complications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Small clots may partially resolve, but DVT requires anticoagulant treatment to prevent extension and embolisation.
Post-thrombotic syndrome is a long-term complication of DVT causing chronic leg swelling, pain, and skin changes. Early treatment and compression stockings help reduce its severity.
When to Seek Medical Advice
- Sudden unexplained swelling of one leg
- Pain in the calf or thigh with swelling
- Shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood (may indicate pulmonary embolism — seek emergency care immediately)