Reflections
05 May 2026
Symbiogenesis — Reflections on Biology and Medicine
From the evolutionary marvel of mitochondria to the symbiotic relationships that sustain life — a surgeon's reflection on symbiogenesis and its lessons for medicine.
Symbiogenesis — the process by which organisms evolve through the merging and co-operation of separate entities — is one of biology's most profound stories.
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Dr. Pradip Malayilparambil Abraham
MBBS, MS (Gen), MCh (Vasc), MRCS, FRCS (Vasc)
Consultant Vascular & Endovascular Surgeon · Medical Trust Hospital, Kochi
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